Retaliation occurs when an employer punishes an employee for engaging in legally protected activities, such as filing a complaint about discrimination or harassment, reporting unsafe working conditions, or participating in a workplace investigation. Retaliatory actions can include demotions, terminations, pay cuts, or other negative changes in job conditions. Retaliation is illegal under federal laws like Title VII of the Civil Rights Act and the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA), which protect employees from being penalized for asserting their rights. Preventing retaliation is crucial to maintaining a fair and compliant workplace.